#include namespace engine { unpack_t::unpack_t(const std::string& module_name, const std::vector& packed_bin) : module_name(module_name), bin(packed_bin), uc_ctx(nullptr), heap_offset(0ull), pack_section_offset(0ull) { win_img = reinterpret_cast*>(bin.data()); img_base = win_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.image_base; img_size = win_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image; std::printf("> image base = 0x%p, image size = 0x%x\n", img_base, img_size); } unpack_t::~unpack_t(void) { if (uc_ctx) uc_close(uc_ctx); for (auto& ptr : uc_hooks) if (ptr) delete ptr; } bool unpack_t::init(void) { uc_err err; if ((err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_64, &uc_ctx))) { std::printf("> uc_open err = %d\n", err); return false; } if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc_ctx, IAT_VECTOR_TABLE, PAGE_4KB, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> uc_mem_map iat vector table err = %d\n", err); return false; } if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc_ctx, STACK_BASE, STACK_SIZE, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> uc_mem_map stack err, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc_ctx, img_base, img_size, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> map memory failed, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } // init iat vector table full of 'ret' instructions... auto c3_page = malloc(PAGE_4KB); { memset(c3_page, 0xC3, PAGE_4KB); if ((err = uc_mem_write(uc_ctx, IAT_VECTOR_TABLE, c3_page, PAGE_4KB))) { std::printf("> failed to init iat vector table...\n"); free(c3_page); return false; } } free(c3_page); map_bin.resize(img_size); memcpy(map_bin.data(), bin.data(), // copies pe headers (includes section headers) win_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_headers); win::section_header_t *sec_begin = win_img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections(), *sec_end = sec_begin + win_img->get_nt_headers()->file_header.num_sections; std::for_each( sec_begin, sec_end, [&](const win::section_header_t& sec_header) { memcpy(map_bin.data() + sec_header.virtual_address, bin.data() + sec_header.ptr_raw_data, sec_header.size_raw_data); }); auto basereloc_dir = win_img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_basereloc); auto reloc_dir = reinterpret_cast( basereloc_dir->rva + map_bin.data()); win::reloc_block_t* reloc_block = &reloc_dir->first_block; // apply relocations to all sections... while (reloc_block->base_rva && reloc_block->size_block) { std::for_each( reloc_block->begin(), reloc_block->end(), [&](win::reloc_entry_t& entry) { switch (entry.type) { case win::reloc_type_id::rel_based_dir64: { auto reloc_at = reinterpret_cast( entry.offset + reloc_block->base_rva + map_bin.data()); *reloc_at = img_base + ((*reloc_at) - img_base); break; } default: break; } }); reloc_block = reloc_block->next(); } // install iat hooks... for (auto import_dir = reinterpret_cast( win_img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_import) ->rva + map_bin.data()); import_dir->rva_name; ++import_dir) { for (auto iat_thunk = reinterpret_cast*>( import_dir->rva_first_thunk + map_bin.data()); iat_thunk->address; ++iat_thunk) { if (iat_thunk->is_ordinal) continue; auto iat_name = reinterpret_cast( iat_thunk->address + map_bin.data()); if (iat_hooks.find(iat_name->name) != iat_hooks.end()) { std::printf("> iat hooking %s to vector table %p\n", iat_name->name, iat_hooks[iat_name->name].first + IAT_VECTOR_TABLE); iat_thunk->function = iat_hooks[iat_name->name].first + IAT_VECTOR_TABLE; } } } // map the entire map buffer into unicorn-engine since we have set everything // else up... if ((err = uc_mem_write(uc_ctx, img_base, map_bin.data(), map_bin.size()))) { std::printf("> failed to write memory... reason = %d\n", err); return false; } // setup unicorn-engine hooks on IAT vector table, sections with 0 raw // size/ptr, and an invalid memory handler... uc_hooks.push_back(new uc_hook); if ((err = uc_hook_add(uc_ctx, uc_hooks.back(), UC_HOOK_CODE, (void*)&engine::unpack_t::iat_dispatcher, this, IAT_VECTOR_TABLE, IAT_VECTOR_TABLE + PAGE_4KB))) { std::printf("> uc_hook_add error, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } uc_hooks.push_back(new uc_hook); if ((err = uc_hook_add( uc_ctx, uc_hooks.back(), UC_HOOK_MEM_READ_UNMAPPED | UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED | UC_HOOK_MEM_FETCH_UNMAPPED | UC_HOOK_INSN_INVALID, (void*)&engine::unpack_t::invalid_mem, this, true, false))) { std::printf("> uc_hook_add error, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } // execution break points on all sections that are executable but have no // physical size on disk... std::for_each(sec_begin, sec_end, [&](const win::section_header_t& header) { if (!header.ptr_raw_data && !header.size_raw_data && header.characteristics.mem_execute && header.characteristics.mem_write && !header.is_discardable()) { uc_hooks.push_back(new uc_hook); if ((err = uc_hook_add( uc_ctx, uc_hooks.back(), UC_HOOK_CODE | UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE, (void*)&engine::unpack_t::unpack_section_callback, this, header.virtual_address + img_base, header.virtual_address + header.virtual_size + img_base))) { std::printf("> failed to add hook... reason = %d\n", err); return; } pack_section_offset = header.virtual_address + header.virtual_size; } }); return true; } bool unpack_t::unpack(std::vector& output) { uc_err err; auto nt_headers = win_img->get_nt_headers(); std::uintptr_t rip = nt_headers->optional_header.entry_point + img_base, rsp = STACK_BASE + STACK_SIZE; if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RSP, &rsp))) { std::printf("> uc_reg_write error, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RIP, &rip))) { std::printf("> uc_reg_write error, reason = %d\n", err); return false; } std::printf("> beginning execution at = %p\n", rip); if ((err = uc_emu_start(uc_ctx, rip, 0ull, 0ull, 0ull))) { std::printf("> error starting emu... reason = %d\n", err); return false; } output.resize(img_size); if ((err = uc_mem_read(uc_ctx, img_base, output.data(), output.size()))) { std::printf("> uc_mem_read failed... err = %d\n", err); return false; } auto output_img = reinterpret_cast*>(output.data()); auto sections = output_img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections(); auto section_cnt = output_img->get_file_header()->num_sections; // { section virtual address -> vector of section offset to reloc } std::map> new_relocs; // search executable sections for MOV RAX, 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00... std::for_each( sections, sections + section_cnt, [&](win::section_header_t& header) { if (header.characteristics.mem_execute) { auto result = output.data() + header.virtual_address; do { result = reinterpret_cast(vm::locate::sigscan( result, header.virtual_size - (reinterpret_cast(result) - (header.virtual_address + reinterpret_cast(output.data()))), MOV_RAX_0_SIG, MOV_RAX_0_MASK)); if (result) { result += 2; // advance ahead of the 0x48 0xB8... // offset from section begin... auto reloc_offset = (reinterpret_cast(result)) - reinterpret_cast( output.data() + header.virtual_address); new_relocs[(header.virtual_address + reloc_offset) & ~0xFFFull] .push_back(reloc_offset); } } while (result); } header.ptr_raw_data = header.virtual_address; header.size_raw_data = header.virtual_size; }); // determines if a relocation block exists for a given page... static const auto has_reloc_page = [&](std::uint32_t page) -> bool { auto img = reinterpret_cast*>(output.data()); auto sections = img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections(); auto section_cnt = img->get_file_header()->num_sections; auto basereloc_dir = img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_basereloc); auto reloc_dir = reinterpret_cast( basereloc_dir->rva + output.data()); win::reloc_block_t* reloc_block = &reloc_dir->first_block; while (reloc_block->base_rva && reloc_block->size_block) { if (reloc_block->base_rva == page) return true; reloc_block = reloc_block->next(); } return false; }; // calc size to add new reloc info... std::size_t resize_cnt = 0ull; for (const auto& [reloc_rva, relocs] : new_relocs) if (!has_reloc_page(reloc_rva)) resize_cnt += sizeof(win::reloc_block_t) + (relocs.size() * sizeof(win::reloc_entry_t)); auto basereloc_dir = output_img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_basereloc); resize_cnt += sizeof(win::reloc_block_t) + basereloc_dir->size; output.resize(output.size() + resize_cnt); output_img = reinterpret_cast*>(output.data()); basereloc_dir = output_img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_basereloc); auto reloc_dir = reinterpret_cast( basereloc_dir->rva + output.data()); // move .reloc section to the end of the file... std::for_each( output_img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections(), output_img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections() + output_img->get_nt_headers()->file_header.num_sections, [&](coff::section_header_t& hdr) { if (hdr.virtual_address == basereloc_dir->rva) { hdr.virtual_size = resize_cnt; hdr.size_raw_data = resize_cnt; hdr.virtual_address = output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image; } }); // copy .reloc section data to the end of the file... std::memcpy( output.data() + output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image, output.data() + basereloc_dir->rva, basereloc_dir->size); // update directory data to reflect this .reloc move... basereloc_dir->rva = output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image; basereloc_dir->size = resize_cnt; // update size_image and make sure its page aligned... (round up...) output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image += resize_cnt; output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image = (output_img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image + PAGE_4KB) & ~0xFFFull; // add new relocs to the .reloc section... for (const auto& [reloc_rva, relocs] : new_relocs) { if (has_reloc_page(reloc_rva)) continue; win::reloc_block_t* reloc_block = &reloc_dir->first_block; while (reloc_block->base_rva && reloc_block->size_block) reloc_block = reloc_block->next(); reloc_block->base_rva = reloc_rva; reloc_block->size_block = relocs.size() * sizeof(win::reloc_entry_t) + sizeof(uint64_t); reloc_block->next()->base_rva = 0ull; reloc_block->next()->size_block = 0ull; for (auto idx = 0u; idx < relocs.size(); ++idx) { reloc_block->entries[idx].type = win::reloc_type_id::rel_based_dir64; reloc_block->entries[idx].offset = relocs[idx]; } } return true; } void unpack_t::local_alloc_hook(uc_engine* uc_ctx, unpack_t* obj) { uc_err err; std::uintptr_t rax, rdx; if ((err = uc_reg_read(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RDX, &rdx))) { std::printf("> failed to read RDX... reason = %d\n", rdx); return; } auto size = ((rdx + PAGE_4KB) & ~0xFFFull); if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc_ctx, HEAP_BASE + obj->heap_offset, size, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> failed to allocate memory... reason = %d\n", err); return; } rax = HEAP_BASE + obj->heap_offset; obj->heap_offset += size; if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax))) { std::printf("> failed to write rax... reason = %d\n", err); return; } } void unpack_t::is_debugger_present_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rax = 0ull; uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); } void unpack_t::local_free_hook(uc_engine* uc_ctx, unpack_t* obj) { uc_err err; std::uintptr_t rax = 0ull; if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax))) { std::printf("> failed to write rax... reason = %d\n", err); return; } } void unpack_t::unmap_view_of_file_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, rax = true; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); std::printf("> UnmapViewOfFile(%p)\n", rcx); } void unpack_t::close_handle_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, rax = true; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); std::printf("> CloseHandle(%x)\n", rcx); } void unpack_t::get_module_file_name_w_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { uc_err err; std::uintptr_t rcx, rdx, r8; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RDX, &rdx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R8, &r8); std::printf("> GetModuleFileNameW(%p, %p, %d)\n", rcx, rdx, r8); uc_strcpy(uc, rdx, (char*)obj->module_name.c_str()); std::uint32_t size = obj->module_name.size(); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &size); } void unpack_t::create_file_w_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { char buff[256]; std::uintptr_t rcx, rax = PACKED_FILE_HANDLE; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_strcpy(uc, buff, rcx); std::printf("> CreateFileW(%s)\n", buff); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); } void unpack_t::get_file_size_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, rdx, rax; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RDX, &rdx); std::printf("> GetFileSize(%x, %p)\n", rcx, rdx); if (rcx == PACKED_FILE_HANDLE) { rax = obj->bin.size(); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); } else { std::printf("> asking for file size to unknown handle = %x\n", rcx); uc_emu_stop(uc); } } void unpack_t::create_file_mapping_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, r8, rax = PACKED_FILE_HANDLE; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R8, &r8); std::printf("> CreateFileMappingW(%x, %x)\n", rcx, r8); if (rcx == PACKED_FILE_HANDLE) { uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); } else { std::printf("> asking to create mapping for unknown handle = %x\n", rcx); uc_emu_stop(uc); } } void unpack_t::map_view_of_file_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, rdx, r8, r9, rax; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RDX, &rdx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R8, &r8); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R9, &r9); std::printf("> MapViewOfFile(%x, %x, %x, %x)\n", rcx, rdx, r8, r9); if (rcx == PACKED_FILE_HANDLE) { uc_err err; auto size = ((obj->bin.size() + PAGE_4KB) & ~0xFFFull); if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc, HEAP_BASE + obj->heap_offset, size, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> failed to allocate memory... reason = %d\n", err); return; } rax = HEAP_BASE + obj->heap_offset; obj->heap_offset += size; if ((err = uc_mem_write(uc, rax, obj->bin.data(), obj->bin.size()))) { std::printf("> failed to map view of file... reason = %d\n", err); return; } if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax))) { std::printf("> failed to write rax... reason = %d\n", err); return; } } else { std::printf("> asking to map file for unknown handle = %x\n", rcx); uc_emu_stop(uc); } } void unpack_t::virtual_protect_hook(uc_engine* uc, unpack_t* obj) { std::uintptr_t rcx, rdx, r8, r9, rax = true; uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RDX, &rdx); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R8, &r8); uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_R9, &r9); std::printf("> VirtualProtect(%p, %x, %x, %p)\n", rcx, rdx, r8, r9); uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax); } void unpack_t::load_library_hook(uc_engine* uc_ctx, unpack_t* obj) { uc_err err; std::uintptr_t rcx = 0ull; if ((err = uc_reg_read(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RCX, &rcx))) { std::printf("> uc_reg_read error, reason = %d\n", err); return; } char buff[256]; uc_strcpy(uc_ctx, buff, rcx); std::printf("> LoadLibraryA(\"%s\")\n", buff); if (!obj->loaded_modules[buff]) { std::printf("> loading library from disk...\n"); std::vector module_data, tmp; if (!vm::util::open_binary_file(buff, module_data)) { std::printf( "> failed to open a dependency... please put %s in the same folder " "as vmemu...\n", buff); exit(-1); } auto img = reinterpret_cast*>(module_data.data()); auto image_size = img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.size_image; tmp.resize(image_size); std::memcpy(tmp.data(), module_data.data(), PAGE_4KB); std::for_each(img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections(), img->get_nt_headers()->get_sections() + img->get_nt_headers()->file_header.num_sections, [&](const auto& section_header) { std::memcpy( tmp.data() + section_header.virtual_address, module_data.data() + section_header.ptr_raw_data, section_header.size_raw_data); }); const auto module_base = reinterpret_cast(tmp.data()); img = reinterpret_cast*>(module_base); const auto image_base = img->get_nt_headers()->optional_header.image_base; const auto alloc_addr = module_base & ~0xFFFull; obj->loaded_modules[buff] = alloc_addr; auto dir = reinterpret_cast( img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_import)); if (dir) { // install iat hooks... for (auto import_dir = reinterpret_cast( img->get_directory(win::directory_id::directory_entry_import) ->rva + module_base); import_dir->rva_name; ++import_dir) { for (auto iat_thunk = reinterpret_cast*>( import_dir->rva_first_thunk + module_base); iat_thunk->address; ++iat_thunk) { if (iat_thunk->is_ordinal) continue; auto iat_name = reinterpret_cast( iat_thunk->address + module_base); if (obj->iat_hooks.find(iat_name->name) != obj->iat_hooks.end()) { std::printf( "> iat hooking %s to vector table %p\n", iat_name->name, obj->iat_hooks[iat_name->name].first + IAT_VECTOR_TABLE); iat_thunk->function = obj->iat_hooks[iat_name->name].first + IAT_VECTOR_TABLE; } } } } if ((err = uc_mem_map(uc_ctx, alloc_addr, image_size, UC_PROT_ALL))) { std::printf("> failed to load library... reason = %d\n", err); return; } if ((err = uc_mem_write(uc_ctx, alloc_addr, tmp.data(), image_size))) { std::printf("> failed to copy module into emulator... reason = %d\n", err); return; } if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &alloc_addr))) { std::printf("> failed to set rax... reason = %d\n", err); return; } std::printf("> mapped %s to base address %p\n", buff, alloc_addr); } else { const auto alloc_addr = obj->loaded_modules[buff]; std::printf("> library already loaded... returning %p...\n", alloc_addr); if ((err = uc_reg_write(uc_ctx, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &alloc_addr))) { std::printf("> failed to set rax... reason = %d\n", err); return; } } } // namespace engine void unpack_t::uc_strcpy(uc_engine* uc_ctx, char* buff, std::uintptr_t addr) { uc_err err; char i = 0u; auto idx = 0ul; do { if ((err = uc_mem_read(uc_ctx, addr + idx, &i, sizeof i))) { std::printf("[!] error reading string byte... reason = %d\n", err); break; } } while ((buff[idx++] = i)); } void unpack_t::uc_strcpy(uc_engine* uc, std::uintptr_t addr, char* buff) { uc_err err; for (char idx = 0u, c = buff[idx]; buff[idx]; ++idx, c = buff[idx]) { if ((err = uc_mem_write(uc, addr + idx, &c, sizeof c))) { std::printf("[!] error writing string byte... reason = %d\n", err); break; } } } bool unpack_t::iat_dispatcher(uc_engine* uc, uint64_t address, uint32_t size, unpack_t* unpack) { auto vec = address - IAT_VECTOR_TABLE; for (auto& [iat_name, iat_hook_data] : unpack->iat_hooks) { if (iat_hook_data.first == vec) { iat_hook_data.second(uc, unpack); return true; } } return false; } bool unpack_t::unpack_section_callback(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, unpack_t* unpack) { if (address == unpack->pack_section_offset + unpack->img_base) { std::printf("> last byte written to unpack section... dumping...\n"); uc_emu_stop(uc); return false; } return true; } void unpack_t::invalid_mem(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, unpack_t* unpack) { switch (type) { case UC_MEM_READ_UNMAPPED: { uc_mem_map(uc, address & ~0xFFFull, PAGE_4KB, UC_PROT_ALL); std::printf(">>> reading invalid memory at address = %p, size = 0x%x\n", address, size); break; } case UC_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED: { uc_mem_map(uc, address & ~0xFFFull, PAGE_4KB, UC_PROT_ALL); std::printf( ">>> writing invalid memory at address = %p, size = 0x%x, val = " "0x%x\n", address, size, value); break; } case UC_MEM_FETCH_UNMAPPED: { std::printf(">>> fetching invalid instructions at address = %p\n", address); break; } default: break; } } } // namespace engine