#include namespace vm { namespace handler { bool get( zydis_routine_t &calc_jmp, zydis_routine_t &vm_handler, std::uintptr_t handler_addr ) { if ( !vm::util::flatten( vm_handler, handler_addr ) ) return false; vm::util::deobfuscate( vm_handler ); static const auto calc_jmp_check = [ & ]( std::uintptr_t addr ) -> bool { for ( const auto &[ instr, instr_raw, instr_addr ] : calc_jmp ) if ( instr_addr == addr ) return true; return false; }; auto result = std::find_if( vm_handler.begin(), vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr ) -> bool { if ( instr.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_LEA && instr.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RDI && instr.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.disp.value == 0xE0 ) return true; return calc_jmp_check( instr.addr ); } ); // remove calc_jmp from the vm handler vector... if ( result != vm_handler.end() ) vm_handler.erase( result, vm_handler.end() ); else // locate the last mov al, [rsi], // then remove all instructions after that... { zydis_routine_t::iterator last = vm_handler.end(); result = vm_handler.begin(); while ( result != vm_handler.end() ) { result = std::find_if( ++result, vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { // mov/movsx/movzx rax/eax/ax/al, [rsi] if ( instr_data.instr.operand_count > 1 && ( instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOV || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVSX || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVZX ) && instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && util::reg::to64( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value ) == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RSI ) return true; return false; } ); if ( result != vm_handler.end() ) last = result; } if ( last != vm_handler.end() ) vm_handler.erase( last, vm_handler.end() ); } return true; } bool get_all( std::uintptr_t module_base, std::uintptr_t image_base, zydis_routine_t &vm_entry, std::uintptr_t *vm_handler_table, std::vector< vm::handler::handler_t > &vm_handlers ) { zydis_decoded_instr_t instr; if ( !vm::handler::table::get_transform( vm_entry, &instr ) ) return false; zydis_routine_t calc_jmp; if ( !vm::calc_jmp::get( vm_entry, calc_jmp ) ) return false; for ( auto idx = 0u; idx < 256; ++idx ) { const auto decrypt_val = vm::handler::table::decrypt( instr, vm_handler_table[ idx ] ); handler_t vm_handler; vm::transform::map_t transforms; zydis_routine_t vm_handler_instrs; if ( !vm::handler::get( calc_jmp, vm_handler_instrs, ( decrypt_val - image_base ) + module_base ) ) return false; const auto has_imm = vm::handler::has_imm( vm_handler_instrs ); const auto imm_size = vm::handler::imm_size( vm_handler_instrs ); if ( has_imm && !vm::handler::get_operand_transforms( vm_handler_instrs, transforms ) ) return false; vm_handler.address = ( decrypt_val - image_base ) + module_base; vm_handler.instrs = vm_handler_instrs; vm_handler.imm_size = imm_size; vm_handler.transforms = transforms; vm_handler.profile = vm::handler::get_profile( vm_handler ); vm_handlers.push_back( vm_handler ); } return true; } bool has_imm( const zydis_routine_t &vm_handler ) { const auto result = std::find_if( vm_handler.begin(), vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { // mov/movsx/movzx rax/eax/ax/al, [rsi] if ( instr_data.instr.operand_count > 1 && ( instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOV || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVSX || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVZX ) && instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && util::reg::to64( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value ) == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RSI ) return true; return false; } ); return result != vm_handler.end(); } std::uint8_t imm_size( const zydis_routine_t &vm_handler ) { const auto result = std::find_if( vm_handler.begin(), vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { // mov/movsx/movzx rax/eax/ax/al, [rsi] if ( instr_data.instr.operand_count > 1 && ( instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOV || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVSX || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVZX ) && instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && util::reg::to64( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value ) == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RSI ) return true; return false; } ); if ( result == vm_handler.end() ) return 0u; return result->instr.operands[ 1 ].size; } bool get_operand_transforms( const zydis_routine_t &vm_handler, transform::map_t &transforms ) { auto imm_fetch = std::find_if( vm_handler.begin(), vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { // mov/movsx/movzx rax/eax/ax/al, [rsi] if ( instr_data.instr.operand_count > 1 && ( instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOV || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVSX || instr_data.instr.mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOVZX ) && instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && util::reg::to64( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value ) == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY && instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RSI ) return true; return false; } ); if ( imm_fetch == vm_handler.end() ) return false; // this finds the first transformation which looks like: // transform rax, rbx <--- note these registers can be smaller so we to64 them... auto key_transform = std::find_if( imm_fetch, vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { if ( util::reg::compare( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value, ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX ) && util::reg::compare( instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].reg.value, ZYDIS_REGISTER_RBX ) ) return true; return false; } ); if ( key_transform == vm_handler.end() ) return false; // look for a primer/instruction that alters RAX prior to the 5 transformations... auto generic0 = std::find_if( imm_fetch + 1, key_transform, []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { return util::reg::compare( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value, ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX ) && !util::reg::compare( instr_data.instr.operands[ 1 ].reg.value, ZYDIS_REGISTER_RBX ); } ); zydis_decoded_instr_t nogeneric0; nogeneric0.mnemonic = ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_INVALID; transforms[ transform::type::generic0 ] = generic0 != key_transform ? generic0->instr : nogeneric0; // last transformation is the same as the first except src and dest are swwapped... transforms[ transform::type::rolling_key ] = key_transform->instr; auto instr_copy = key_transform->instr; instr_copy.operands[ 0 ].reg.value = key_transform->instr.operands[ 1 ].reg.value; instr_copy.operands[ 1 ].reg.value = key_transform->instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value; transforms[ transform::type::update_key ] = instr_copy; // three generic transformations... auto generic_transform = key_transform; for ( auto idx = 2u; idx < 5; ++idx ) { generic_transform = std::find_if( ++generic_transform, vm_handler.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { if ( util::reg::compare( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value, ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX ) ) return true; return false; } ); if ( generic_transform == vm_handler.end() ) return false; transforms[ ( transform::type )( idx ) ] = generic_transform->instr; } return true; } vm::handler::profile_t *get_profile( handler_t &vm_handler ) { static const auto vcontains = []( vm::handler::profile_t *vprofile, handler_t *vm_handler ) -> bool { if ( vprofile->imm_size != vm_handler->imm_size ) return false; zydis_routine_t::iterator contains = vm_handler->instrs.begin(); for ( auto &instr : vprofile->signature ) { contains = std::find_if(contains, vm_handler->instrs.end(), [ & ]( zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { return instr( instr_data.instr ); } ); if ( contains == vm_handler->instrs.end() ) return false; } return true; }; for ( auto profile : vm::handler::profile::all ) if ( vcontains( profile, &vm_handler ) ) return profile; return nullptr; } namespace table { std::uintptr_t *get( const zydis_routine_t &vm_entry ) { const auto result = std::find_if( vm_entry.begin(), vm_entry.end(), []( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { const auto instr = &instr_data.instr; // lea r12, vm_handlers... (always r12)... if ( instr->mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_LEA && instr->operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && instr->operands[ 0 ].reg.value == ZYDIS_REGISTER_R12 && !instr->raw.sib.base ) // no register used for the sib base... return true; return false; } ); if ( result == vm_entry.end() ) return nullptr; std::uintptr_t ptr = 0u; ZydisCalcAbsoluteAddress( &result->instr, &result->instr.operands[ 1 ], result->addr, &ptr ); return reinterpret_cast< std::uintptr_t * >( ptr ); } bool get_transform( const zydis_routine_t &vm_entry, zydis_decoded_instr_t *transform_instr ) { zydis_register_t rcx_or_rdx = ZYDIS_REGISTER_NONE; auto handler_fetch = std::find_if( vm_entry.begin(), vm_entry.end(), [ & ]( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { const auto instr = &instr_data.instr; if ( instr->mnemonic == ZYDIS_MNEMONIC_MOV && instr->operand_count == 2 && instr->operands[ 1 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY && instr->operands[ 1 ].mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_R12 && instr->operands[ 1 ].mem.index == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RAX && instr->operands[ 1 ].mem.scale == 8 && instr->operands[ 0 ].type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER && ( instr->operands[ 0 ].reg.value == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RDX || instr->operands[ 0 ].reg.value == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RCX ) ) { rcx_or_rdx = instr->operands[ 0 ].reg.value; return true; } return false; } ); // check to see if we found the fetch instruction and if the next instruction // is not the end of the vector... if ( handler_fetch == vm_entry.end() || ++handler_fetch == vm_entry.end() || // must be RCX or RDX... else something went wrong... ( rcx_or_rdx != ZYDIS_REGISTER_RCX && rcx_or_rdx != ZYDIS_REGISTER_RDX ) ) return false; // find the next instruction that writes to RCX or RDX... // the register is determined by the vm handler fetch above... auto handler_transform = std::find_if( handler_fetch, vm_entry.end(), [ & ]( const zydis_instr_t &instr_data ) -> bool { if ( instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].reg.value == rcx_or_rdx && instr_data.instr.operands[ 0 ].actions & ZYDIS_OPERAND_ACTION_WRITE ) return true; return false; } ); if ( handler_transform == vm_entry.end() ) return false; *transform_instr = handler_transform->instr; return true; } std::uint64_t encrypt( zydis_decoded_instr_t &transform_instr, std::uint64_t val ) { assert( transform_instr.operands[ 0 ].size == 64, "invalid transformation for vm handler table entries..." ); const auto operation = vm::transform::inverse[ transform_instr.mnemonic ]; const auto bitsize = transform_instr.operands[ 0 ].size; const auto imm = vm::transform::has_imm( &transform_instr ) ? transform_instr.operands[ 1 ].imm.value.u : 0u; return vm::transform::apply( bitsize, operation, val, imm ); } std::uint64_t decrypt( zydis_decoded_instr_t &transform_instr, std::uint64_t val ) { assert( transform_instr.operands[ 0 ].size == 64, "invalid transformation for vm handler table entries..." ); const auto operation = transform_instr.mnemonic; const auto bitsize = transform_instr.operands[ 0 ].size; const auto imm = vm::transform::has_imm( &transform_instr ) ? transform_instr.operands[ 1 ].imm.value.u : 0u; return vm::transform::apply( bitsize, operation, val, imm ); } } // namespace table } // namespace handler } // namespace vm